A date. A single day in a calendar which contains 365 of them. Nearly 10,000 of them have been recorded in human history. Yet when the date "September 11" is mentioned, most of us immediately think of 2001, when the dreadful attacks on the World Trade Centers and Pentagon were carried out. Across the planet, the date of September 11 carries a uniform reaction.
However, there is another meaning, and another infamous historical event that finds its roots in the exact same day, twenty eight years earlier. September 11, 1973.
To most of the world, that particular date in history contains no symbolic meaning. Yet to a medium-sized constitutional republic in South America, it represents the darkest hour in their history, and a stark reality of the depths to which the unholy empire of the world will sink to ensure its dominance is guaranteed.
On September 11, 1973, General Augusto Pinochet - trained by the United States, given the green light by Henry Kissinger and Richard Nixon, initiated a coup against the Socialist government of Chile - led by Salvador Allende. Allende's government had had a difficult time delivering on its promises of reconstruction, mostly due to an American economic blockade of the nation after Allende's nationalization of the mining industry. According to declassified CIA documents, Richard Nixon wanted to "make Chile's economy scream". The plan worked to an extent, causing significant dissidence within the Chilean army, and in particular the economics department of Santiago - mostly filled with Milton Friedman's Chicago Boys. In 1973, Pinochet seized power in a violent coup d'etat, bombing the presidential palace. Rather than face capture, Allende committed suicide.
What followed is perhaps one of the darkest chapters of the cold war - exceeded only by El Salvador, Indonedia and Vietnam in the sheer scale of brutality and mercilessness. Following his seizure of power, Pinochet rounded up Allende supporters, and took them to the national stadium. Over the next two weeks, the bloody spectacle that unfolded within that building led to the torturing of thousands of Allende supporters. The Valech Report, released in 2005, described just some of these processes:
1. Repeated beatings
2. Deliberate corporal lesions
3. Bodily hangings [suspensions]
4. Forced positions
5. Application of electricity
6. Threats
7. Mock execution by firing squad
8. Humiliation
9. Stripping down to nakedness
10. Sexual aggression and violence
11. Witnessing and listening to torture committed on others
12. Russian roulette
13. Witnessing the execution of other detainees
14. Confinement in subhuman conditions
15. Deliberate privation of means of existence
16. Sleep deprivation or interruption
17. Asphyxia
18. Exposure to extreme temperatures
This was not an isolated incident. It is estimated that anywhere from 3,000-5,000 were killed, with anywhere from 28,000-200,000 incarcerated and tortured; all this in a country that even today only possesses a population half that of Canada. All this was done with the full knowledge (and open support of) the US Government. In communiques sent to CIA Field Stations in Chile as early as 1970, Nixon & Kissinger ordered that "Allende be overthrown in a coup as early as possible".
The question that comes back is why? Why did a global superpower actively support such brutality? The answer is twofold, and (despite the accusations of some) had little to do with communism and the KGB. The first of these reasons deals with open defiance. Similar to what Chavez and Morales now do in Venezuela and Bolivia, Allende openly defied American power and corporate wealth, attempting to nationalize the mining and banking industries for the use of his people. If he turned to the KGB, it was only because he had no other option. The United States, in 1970, began an economic blockade designed to "make Chile's economy scream". Deprived of the funds of the standard loan-agencies (the IMF, the World Bank), Chile turned to Russia for help. The second of these reasons deals with the belief that what is good for the most powerful corporate empire is ultimately good for the rest of us. In one of his briefings to Nixon on the issue, Kissinger famously said "The issues are much too important for the Chilean voters to be left to decide for themselves". That's right; the issue of who should control Chilean resources was far to important and vital for Chilean people to decide. Kissinger's arrogance is astounding, even to this day, to the point where even Christopher Hitchen's scathing The Trial of Henry Kissinger does not go far enough in its accusations against the man.
The precedent Chile set was clear, and has resonated in American policy throughout Latin America: You must serve our interests first, your own second. If serving our interests is democratic, that's nice. If it isn't, then bring in the fascist coups that continue to serve our interests. This reputation has cost the United States dearly, leading to it being almost universally loathed throughout the developing and underdeveloped worlds. Twenty eight years to the day after the Chilean coup, this would come back to haunt them.
Ebook , by Autumn Reed
6 years ago